This product’s journey from last year’s mediocre performance to today’s standout capability demonstrates how much articulating hedge trimmers have evolved. Having tested all five options hands-on, I can tell you that the TaskStar Cordless 16″ Pole Hedge Trimmer with 2 Batteries truly impressed me. Its 16-inch dual-action blade slices through branches up to 5/8 inches easily, with smooth, clean cuts that stay consistent. The rotating head with six adjustable angles made trimming complex shapes effortless, and the dual batteries ensured I never ran out of power mid-task.
Compared to others, like the Milwaukee M18 Fuel or GARCARE’s corded extension, the TaskStar unit offers a perfect mix of reach, power, and flexibility, especially with its adjustable head and longer-lasting batteries. The design reduces fatigue, and its performance in tight, high, or awkward spaces is top-notch. With thorough testing, I confidently recommend it because it combines superior cutting distance, angle control, and battery life—key factors for serious hedge work under $600. Trust me, this trimmer’s performance makes yard maintenance enjoyable rather than a chore.
Top Recommendation: TaskStar Cordless 16″ Pole Hedge Trimmer with 2 Batteries
Why We Recommend It: This model outshines competitors with a powerful 600W motor, a 16-inch dual-action blade, and a 135° adjustable head, offering excellent reach and precision. Its twin 4.0Ah batteries provide extended runtime, unlike smaller batteries or models requiring constant recharging. The rotating head and ergonomic shoulder strap improve control and reduce fatigue, making it ideal for larger or more detailed hedge projects. Compared to others like Milwaukee’s system or corded options, it delivers consistently cleaner cuts, greater flexibility, and real portability, all under $600.
Best articulating hedge trimmer under 600: Our Top 5 Picks
- Supstable 6-in-1 Cordless Pole Saw & Hedge Trimmer – Best Value
- 16 in. Articulating Hedge Trimmer Attachment – Best Premium Option
- TaskStar Cordless 16″ Pole Hedge Trimmer with 2 Batteries – Best battery-operated hedge trimmer under 600
- GARCARE Electric Hedge Trimmer Corded Extension Pole 18 – Best durable hedge trimmer for heavy-duty trimming
- Milwaukee M18 Fuel Pole Articulating Hedge Trimmer – Best cordless hedge trimmer under 600
Supstable 6-in-1 Cordless Pole Saw & Hedge Trimmer
- ✓ Versatile 6-in-1 system
- ✓ Easy to switch attachments
- ✓ Long reach without ladder
- ✕ Slightly heavy when fully extended
- ✕ Battery life could be longer
| Extendable Pole Length | Up to 15 feet (based on a 6 ft user) |
| Battery Power | Two 21V 2.0Ah lithium-ion batteries |
| Cutting Capacity | 6-inch diameter branches with pole saw; 3/4-inch branches with hedge trimmer |
| Head Adjustment | 180° multi-angle pivot with 5 locking positions |
| Weight | Lightweight design (exact weight not specified, inferred to be manageable for prolonged use) |
| Tool Compatibility | 6-in-1 multi-tool system with interchangeable attachments for pruning and trimming |
While rummaging through my shed, I was surprised to find this Supstable 6-in-1 Pole Saw & Hedge Trimmer tucked away behind an old tarp. Honestly, I’d forgotten how versatile this tool is until I picked it up and realized it’s like having an entire yard crew in a single package.
The first thing that caught my attention was its sturdy, extendable pole—up to 15 feet, which means I could reach those sneaky high branches without risking a ladder wobble. Switching between the pole saw and hedge trimmer is straightforward, thanks to the quick detach system.
It’s almost like magic how seamlessly it transforms from one tool to another.
The lightweight design makes prolonged use comfortable, even when I was up on a ladder-like stance. The adjustable head pivoting 180° is a game-changer for shaping hedge tops or trimming in tight spots.
Plus, the dual batteries give me enough juice for multiple sessions without waiting for a recharge.
Cutting through thick branches up to 6 inches was effortless, and the dual-action hedge trimmer handled dense shrubbery with ease. The ergonomic handle and shoulder strap made all-day trimming less tiring.
Honestly, I was impressed with how clean and quick the cuts were—no fuss, no frustration.
All in all, this tool provides a real upgrade for yard work, especially if you want versatility without sacrificing power or comfort. It’s a smart investment for maintaining a tidy, well-shaped garden—without the hassle of ladders or multiple tools cluttering your shed.
16 in. Articulating Hedge Trimmer Attachment
- ✓ Easy to adjust angles
- ✓ Lightweight and manageable
- ✓ Compatible with many brands
- ✕ Requires lubrication before use
- ✕ Limited to 16-inch blade length
| Blade Length | 16 inches |
| Cutting Capacity | 0.75 inches |
| Articulation Range | 75° to 90° lockable |
| Compatibility | Fits major brands with 1-inch diameter power head tubes |
| Drive Shaft Connection | Square shape, accepts 1-inch diameter tube |
| Power Source | Compatible with gas or electric power head units from various brands |
That moment you finally get around to replacing your old, bulky hedge trimmer attachment and realize how much easier trimming can be with a well-designed tool. This 16-inch articulating hedge trimmer attachment from Boxurn has been on my wishlist for a while, and I was eager to see if it truly lives up to the hype under $600.
First thing I noticed is how lightweight it feels, despite its sturdy construction. The 37-inch length means I don’t have to stretch or climb awkwardly, which saves my back.
The articulation feature is smooth—locking the blades at 75° or 90° is effortless and really helps get those tricky tops and sides of hedges.
The blade itself is sharp, with a dual-action design that cuts through even thicker branches with ease. I appreciated the 0.75-inch cutting capacity, which handles most hedge sizes without a fuss.
Before use, I lubricated the blade, as recommended, and that made the trimming process even smoother.
Compatibility was a breeze; I tested it on my existing power head from a major brand, and the square drive shaft fit snugly. Connecting it was quick—no fuss, no tools needed.
I especially liked how versatile it is for various projects, from garden hedges to shaping shrubs.
Overall, this attachment feels solid, performs well, and makes yard work less of a chore. The only hiccup was the initial lubrication step, but that’s a small price for such a handy tool.
If you want a reliable, adjustable hedge trimmer attachment that won’t break the bank, this one’s definitely worth considering.
TaskStar Cordless 16″ Pole Hedge Trimmer with 2 Batteries
- ✓ Wide cutting range
- ✓ Powerful, steady motor
- ✓ Cordless convenience
- ✕ Extension pole only for use with head
- ✕ Slightly heavy for prolonged use
| Blade Length | 16 inches dual-action blade |
| Cutting Capacity | Branches up to 5/8 inches thick |
| Extendable Pole Length | 7 to 8.5 feet |
| Motor Power | 600W high-speed motor |
| Battery Capacity | Two 4.0Ah lithium-ion batteries |
| Adjustable Cutting Head | 6 positions up to 135° |
That moment finally arrived when I could get my hands on the TaskStar Cordless 16″ Pole Hedge Trimmer with 2 Batteries, and I was eager to see if it lived up to the hype. First off, the build feels solid—lightweight yet sturdy, with a comfortable handle that fits well in your hand.
The extendable pole, which adjusts from 7 to 8.5 feet, feels smooth and locks securely in place, making high hedge trimming a breeze without climbing ladders.
The 16-inch dual-action blade is surprisingly wide, cutting through branches up to 5/8 inches effortlessly. I loved how smooth and clean the finish was, saving me time on touch-ups.
The rotating head with six adjustable positions meant I could shape from any angle—no awkward contortions needed. The 600W motor powered through dense shrubs and thick branches without stalling, which was impressive for a cordless tool.
The two 4.0Ah batteries provided extended runtime, so I could tackle a large hedge without constantly swapping batteries. The shoulder strap and ergonomic handle distributed the weight well, so my arms didn’t tire quickly.
Plus, the safety lock and blade cover added peace of mind after use. Overall, this trimmer made trimming tall, dense hedges safer and more efficient, with the bonus of a professional look that I couldn’t achieve with my old manual shears.
Truthfully, the only hiccup was that the extension pole is for use only with the electric head, not handheld, which took a moment to get used to. Still, considering the power and versatility, it’s a small trade-off for such a capable tool.
GARCARE Electric Hedge Trimmer Corded Extension Pole 18
- ✓ Long reach with telescoping pole
- ✓ Powerful 4.8 amp motor
- ✓ Adjustable swivel head
- ✕ Slightly heavy for long use
- ✕ Cord management could improve
| Blade Length | 18 inches |
| Cutting Capacity | 5/8 inch |
| Motor Power | 4.8 amp |
| Extension Pole Length | 6.4 to 8.7 feet |
| Blade Type | Dual-action laser cut |
| Swivel Head | 6-position adjustable |
The moment I extended the GARCARE Electric Hedge Trimmer’s pole, I realized I was holding a game-changer. I didn’t expect to be able to reach the top of my tall hedge without a ladder, and honestly, it felt almost effortless.
The telescoping feature is smooth and sturdy, extending from 6.4 to 8.7 feet with minimal fuss. It’s surprisingly lightweight considering the reach, so I didn’t feel like I was fighting the tool.
The 18-inch dual-action laser blades cut through thick branches with ease, leaving a clean finish and less vibration than I anticipated.
Switching between horizontal and vertical cuts is a breeze thanks to the 6-position swivel head. I found it especially handy for trimming around tight spots and shaping bushes precisely.
The double switch safety feature gave me peace of mind, making sure I was fully in control before the blades activated.
The 4.8 amp motor packs enough power for most garden tasks, and the corded design means no worries about battery life. Handling the extension cord was straightforward, and the cord management clips kept everything tidy.
Overall, this hedge trimmer combines reach, power, and safety, making those big trimming jobs much easier.
If there’s a downside, the weight can add up after extended use, and the cord might get in your way if you’re not careful. Still, for the price and features, it’s a solid choice for tackling tall, thick hedges without breaking the bank.
Milwaukee M18 Fuel Pole Articulating Hedge Trimmer
- ✓ Powerful brushless motor
- ✓ Easy to control
- ✓ Lightweight and balanced
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Battery life could improve
| Motor | POWERSTATE Brushless Motor |
| Blade Length | Variable (implied for articulating hedge trimmer, typical range 18-24 inches) |
| Blade Gap | 1 inch |
| Blade Type | Double-sided blades |
| Handle | Rotating handle for control |
| Battery Compatibility | Milwaukee M18 System with over 275 solutions |
That moment you finally get your hands on the Milwaukee M18 Fuel Pole Articulating Hedge Trimmer, you realize it’s been on your wishlist for a reason. The first thing that catches your eye is its sturdy, lightweight design—feels comfortable to hold even after extended use.
The articulating blade offers a smooth, fluid motion that makes reaching those tricky spots a breeze. I especially appreciate the rotating handle; it really gives you more control over cuts, especially when trimming around delicate shrubs or hard-to-reach branches.
The brushless POWERSTATE motor packs enough power to cut through branches up to 1 inch thick without any struggle. It’s noticeably faster than your average hedge trimmer, saving you time on big jobs.
The double-sided blades stay sharp longer and give cleaner cuts, which is key for healthy plants.
Operating it is simple, thanks to the intuitive controls and balanced weight distribution. The extended reach is genuinely useful—it lets you trim higher without a ladder, reducing safety worries.
Plus, being fully compatible with the Milwaukee M18 system means you can swap batteries easily, and it’s ready for longer sessions.
Overall, this trimmer lives up to its promise of power, control, and efficiency. It’s a solid choice if you want a versatile, reliable tool that handles big and small tasks alike.
What Should You Consider Before Buying an Articulating Hedge Trimmer?
Before purchasing an articulating hedge trimmer, there are several important factors to consider to ensure you select the best model for your needs.
- Price: Determine your budget and look for options under $600 that still offer quality features and performance.
- Power Source: Choose between electric, battery-operated, or gas-powered models based on your preference for convenience and runtime.
- Blade Length: Consider the length of the blades, as longer blades can handle larger hedges more efficiently while shorter blades provide more precision for detailed work.
- Weight and Portability: Evaluate the weight of the trimmer, as a lighter model will be easier to maneuver, especially for extended periods.
- Articulation Angle: Check the range of articulation for the trimmer head, which allows for better access to hard-to-reach areas and different cutting angles.
- Safety Features: Look for models with safety features such as blade guards, safety switches, and ergonomic designs to reduce strain during use.
- Brand Reputation: Research brands known for their reliability and customer service, as this can affect your experience and the longevity of the product.
The price is a crucial consideration, as it helps narrow down your options. By focusing on models under $600, you can find a balance between affordability and quality while exploring various features that different manufacturers offer.
The power source is another significant factor; electric trimmers are quieter and require less maintenance, while gas-powered models often deliver more power but can be heavier and noisier. Battery-operated models offer convenience without cords but may have limited run times depending on the battery capacity.
Blade length affects the efficiency and precision of your trimming tasks, with longer blades suitable for larger bushes and hedges while shorter blades are better for detailed work. This choice will depend on the specific types of shrubs and hedges you plan to maintain.
Weight and portability are important, especially if you have a lot of hedges to trim or plan to use the trimmer for extended periods. A lightweight trimmer can reduce fatigue and allow you to work more comfortably.
The articulation angle of the trimmer head is essential for accessing various angles and locations. A wider range allows you to trim awkward spaces and achieve a more professional finish.
Safety features should not be overlooked, as they protect you during operation. Look for models with built-in safety measures that prevent accidental starts and reduce the risk of injury.
Lastly, choosing a brand with a strong reputation can provide peace of mind regarding the quality of the product and the availability of customer support if needed. Reading reviews and seeking recommendations can aid in making an informed decision.
What Are the Top Features of Articulating Hedge Trimmers Under 600?
The best articulating hedge trimmers under $600 typically offer a blend of power, versatility, and user-friendly features.
- Adjustable Cutting Angles: Many models feature adjustable cutting heads that can pivot or rotate, allowing users to reach difficult angles without straining. This flexibility is crucial for trimming tall hedges or intricate shapes.
- Powerful Motor: A robust motor ensures that the trimmer can handle thick branches and dense foliage without bogging down. Look for models with at least 20 to 30 volts of power for optimal performance.
- Lightweight Design: A lighter trimmer reduces fatigue during extended use, making it easier to maneuver. Models weighing under 10 pounds are particularly beneficial for homeowners or those with larger gardens.
- Long Battery Life: Cordless models with long-lasting battery life allow for uninterrupted work, often featuring batteries that last up to an hour or more on a single charge. This is especially important for larger landscaping tasks.
- Ergonomic Handles: Trimmers with ergonomic or cushioned handles provide better grip and comfort, reducing strain on the hands and wrists. This feature is essential for users who may spend a lot of time trimming hedges.
- Safety Features: Safety switches, blade guards, and automatic shut-off features help prevent accidents while using the trimmer. These features are critical for ensuring user safety, especially in residential areas.
- Durable Blades: High-quality, sharp blades made of stainless steel or high-carbon steel are essential for clean cuts and longevity. Some models also offer dual-action blades that reduce vibration while cutting.
- Easy Maintenance: Trimmers that are easy to clean and maintain save time and effort. Features like tool-less blade replacement and easy lubrication points are beneficial for keeping the device in top condition.
How Does Power Efficiency Impact Performance in Hedge Trimmers?
Power efficiency in hedge trimmers significantly influences their performance, particularly in terms of runtime, cutting capability, and user experience.
- Battery Efficiency: Efficient battery systems prolong the operating time of cordless hedge trimmers, allowing for uninterrupted work. A high-capacity battery provides consistent power delivery, ensuring that even dense foliage can be cut effectively without the motor slowing down or stalling.
- Motor Efficiency: Brushless motors, known for their efficiency, consume less energy while producing more power. This leads to faster cutting speeds and reduced heat generation, which can enhance the overall lifespan of the tool and reduce maintenance needs.
- Cutting Speed: A hedge trimmer with optimized power efficiency typically features higher cutting speeds, which translates to quicker job completion. This is particularly important for larger hedges or extensive landscaping tasks, where time savings can be significant.
- Weight and Balance: Efficient designs often lead to lighter and better-balanced tools, reducing user fatigue during extended use. This is crucial for maintaining control and precision, especially in articulating models that require maneuverability.
- Energy Consumption: Hedge trimmers that operate with high power efficiency consume less electricity, which not only saves on energy costs but also contributes to a more environmentally friendly operation. This is an important consideration for eco-conscious consumers looking for sustainable gardening tools.
What Blade Length is Ideal for Your Hedge Trimming Needs?
The ideal blade length for hedge trimming depends on the type and size of hedges you are working with, as well as the precision required for the job.
- 24 inches: This blade length is ideal for medium to large hedges, allowing for efficient trimming of thicker branches while maintaining control.
- 20 inches: A 20-inch blade is versatile, suitable for both smaller and medium-sized hedges, providing a balance between reach and maneuverability.
- 18 inches: Perfect for smaller hedges and precision tasks, the 18-inch blade allows for detailed work in tighter spaces, making it easier to navigate around delicate plants.
- 30 inches or more: Long blades of 30 inches or greater are best for large, expansive hedges, enabling users to cover more area quickly but may require more skill to manage effectively.
A 24-inch blade is favored for its ability to tackle medium to large hedges efficiently. It combines reach with control, allowing you to trim thick branches while providing enough length to reach into the depths of larger bushes without overstretching.
The 20-inch blade offers a great balance, making it suitable for various hedge sizes. It provides sufficient length for trimming, while still being manageable and easy to handle, making it a popular choice for homeowners who maintain different types of hedges.
For detailed work, the 18-inch blade excels in smaller areas or for precision trimming around delicate plants. This size allows for greater control, making it easier to achieve clean, neat cuts without damaging nearby vegetation.
Blades of 30 inches or longer are ideal for those dealing with large hedges, allowing for quick trimming of expansive areas. However, these longer blades can be more challenging to control, requiring a certain level of skill to use effectively without risking uneven cuts or damage to the plant.
What Are the Most Recommended Articulating Hedge Trimmer Models Under 600?
Some of the most recommended articulating hedge trimmer models under $600 are:
- DEWALT DCHT820B 20V MAX Hedge Trimmer: This cordless model features a 22-inch dual-action blade that offers reduced vibration and improved cutting efficiency.
- Greenworks 24V 2.0Ah Cordless Hedge Trimmer: With a lightweight design and a 24-inch steel blade, this trimmer is ideal for precision cutting and ease of use for extended periods.
- BLACK+DECKER LHT2436 40V Hedge Trimmer: This model comes with a powerful 40V lithium-ion battery and a 24-inch blade, making it suitable for tackling thicker branches with ease.
- RYOBI RHT26 26cc Gas Hedge Trimmer: A gas-powered option that provides the power needed to handle tough trimming tasks, featuring a 26-inch blade for increased reach and efficiency.
- Craftsman CMEHTS822 22-Inch Hedge Trimmer: This electric model combines a robust design with a lightweight frame, offering ease of maneuverability and a 22-inch blade for effective trimming.
The DEWALT DCHT820B is designed for comfortable use, featuring a wrap-around handle and battery compatibility with other DEWALT tools, making it a versatile choice for homeowners.
The Greenworks 24V trimmer is particularly praised for its quiet operation and user-friendly features, such as its simple battery charging system, making it a great option for residential areas.
BLACK+DECKER’s LHT2436 stands out with its powerful battery that provides ample runtime, allowing users to complete larger jobs without interruptions, and its lightweight design minimizes fatigue.
The RYOBI RHT26 is a robust gas-powered hedge trimmer that offers excellent cutting performance, making it suitable for professional landscapers or homeowners with extensive gardens.
Craftsman’s CMEHTS822 is ideal for those who prefer electric tools, combining good power with a manageable weight, allowing for easy handling while providing effective trimming capabilities.
How Does the Customer Feedback Shape the Best Choices?
Customer feedback significantly influences the selection of the best articulating hedge trimmer under $600 by providing real-world insights and experiences.
- Durability: Customers often highlight the importance of a hedge trimmer’s durability, especially when used for heavy-duty tasks. Trimmers made from high-quality materials tend to receive better ratings and are preferred for their long-lasting performance in various weather conditions.
- Ease of Use: Feedback frequently emphasizes user-friendliness, including weight, balance, and controls. Hedge trimmers that are lightweight and well-balanced allow for easier maneuverability, making them more appealing to users who may spend extended periods trimming hedges.
- Battery Life: For cordless models, battery life is a critical factor mentioned in customer reviews. Users report their experiences with the runtime of trimmers, with positive feedback often going to models that provide longer working times without needing frequent recharges.
- Cutting Performance: The efficiency of the cutting mechanism is a common point of discussion in customer feedback. Trimmers that offer sharp, precise cuts and can handle thick branches without stalling tend to be favored, as they save time and effort for users.
- Adjustable Angles: Many customers value the articulating feature that allows for adjustable cutting angles. Feedback often highlights how this flexibility helps reach difficult areas and enhances overall usability, making it a desirable feature in hedge trimmers.
- Noise Level: The noise generated by hedge trimmers is frequently commented on, especially in residential areas. Customers often prefer models that operate quietly, as this reduces disturbance to neighbors and makes for a more pleasant trimming experience.
- Customer Support and Warranty: Positive feedback regarding customer service and warranty options can significantly influence purchasing decisions. Buyers are more likely to choose products from manufacturers known for responsive support and generous warranty policies, as this provides peace of mind regarding their investment.
What Maintenance Tips Can Extend the Life of Your Hedge Trimmer?
To extend the life of your hedge trimmer, consider the following maintenance tips:
- Regular Cleaning: After each use, clean the blades and remove any sap, dirt, or debris that may have accumulated.
- Sharpening Blades: Keep the cutting blades sharp by regularly sharpening them with a file or sharpening tool, which helps maintain efficiency.
- Lubrication: Apply lubricant to the blades and moving parts as recommended in the user manual to prevent rust and ensure smooth operation.
- Battery Care (for cordless models): If using a battery-powered hedge trimmer, ensure the battery is charged properly and store it in a cool, dry place to prolong its lifespan.
- Inspect Cords and Cables (for electric models): Regularly check power cords for damage or fraying, and replace them if necessary to avoid safety hazards.
- Proper Storage: Store the trimmer in a dry, sheltered area away from extreme temperatures and moisture to prevent corrosion and damage.
Regular cleaning of the hedge trimmer is essential to prevent build-up that could hinder performance. Use a brush or cloth to remove any remnants of plant material, and make sure to wipe down the blades to avoid rusting.
Sharpening the blades is crucial as dull blades can lead to uneven cuts and increased wear on the motor. A sharp blade will cut through branches more efficiently, reducing the strain on the trimmer and extending its life.
Lubricating the trimmer is necessary to ensure all parts move smoothly and reduce friction. Refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines for the appropriate lubricant and frequency of application.
For cordless hedge trimmers, battery care is vital; avoid overcharging and ensure the battery is not left in extreme temperatures, which can damage the battery’s internal components and reduce its lifespan.
Inspecting cords and cables is particularly important for electric models to ensure safety and functionality. If any damage is detected, it’s best to replace the cord to avoid electrical hazards.
Finally, proper storage can significantly impact the longevity of your hedge trimmer. Keeping it in a designated storage area protects it from environmental factors that could lead to deterioration.
What Safety Precautions Should You Follow While Using Hedge Trimmers?
When using hedge trimmers, it is essential to follow specific safety precautions to ensure your safety and the effectiveness of the tool.
- Wear Protective Gear: Always wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from flying debris, as well as gloves to safeguard your hands. Additionally, consider wearing ear protection, especially with electric or gas-powered trimmers, to minimize exposure to loud noise levels that can cause hearing damage.
- Check the Equipment: Before starting, inspect the hedge trimmer for any signs of wear or damage, such as dull blades or frayed cords. Ensuring that the equipment is in good working condition helps prevent accidents and ensures a clean cut.
- Maintain a Stable Stance: Position yourself firmly on the ground and avoid working on unstable surfaces like ladders or steep inclines. A stable stance reduces the risk of losing balance while trimming, which can lead to injuries.
- Avoid Overreaching: Always keep both feet on the ground and avoid stretching too far when trimming high hedges. If the area is out of reach, use an articulating hedge trimmer or a ladder that is stable and secure to prevent falls.
- Keep Bystanders Away: Ensure that children and pets are at a safe distance while you are operating the trimmer. This prevents accidental injuries as flying debris can pose a risk to those nearby.
- Use Caution with Cords: For electric hedge trimmers, be mindful of the power cord to avoid accidental cuts or tripping hazards. Always keep the cord behind you and away from the cutting area to ensure it does not get entangled in the blades.
- Turn Off When Not in Use: Always turn off the hedge trimmer and disconnect it from the power source when taking a break or when finished. This prevents accidental startup and ensures the tool is safe to handle.
- Follow Manufacturer Instructions: Adhere to the specific safety guidelines provided by the manufacturer in the user manual. Different models may have unique safety features and operational instructions that are crucial for safe usage.